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Physics in CALCULA

The Physics field covers classical mechanics, energy, waves, electricity, thermodynamics and parts of special relativity. CALCULA tracks units (SI) and flags dimensional inconsistencies.

Mechanics and energy

F = m·a  ·  E_k = ½·m·v²  ·  E_p = m·g·h

A force changes a body's velocity in proportion to its mass. Kinetic energy grows with the square of speed: driving twice as fast quadruples the energy the brakes must dissipate.

Example

A 1200 kg car at 50 km/h (13.9 m/s) carries 116 kJ of kinetic energy; at 100 km/h, 463 kJ — four times as much.

Waves and electricity

c = λ·f  ·  U = R·I  ·  P = U·I

For a wave, wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional at a fixed speed. In direct current, Ohm's law links voltage, resistance and current; power is voltage times current.

Thermodynamics and relativity

Q = m·c·ΔT  ·  γ = 1 / √(1 − v²/c²)

Heating a mass takes energy proportional to the temperature change and to the material's heat capacity. The Lorentz factor γ describes time dilation: negligible at low speed, it diverges as you approach the speed of light.

Example

Bringing 1.5 L of water (c ≈ 4185 J/kg·K) from 20 to 100 °C takes about 502 kJ — roughly 2 minutes for a 2000 W kettle at ideal efficiency.

Typing it into CALCULA

Pick the physics chapter in the “≡” menu, enter the known quantities with their units, and leave empty the one to compute. The visualisation illustrates the situation (forces, circuit, wave…). See also chemistry and orbital mechanics.